By Shawn Tully Senior Editor at Large - Fortune
(Fortune Magazine) -- On the eve of President Barack Obamas winter health-care summit Rep. Paul Ryan is dining at Talay Thai a no-frills restaurant with metal chairs and Formica tables. On this frigid evening Ryan strolled coatless to Talay -- Im from Wisconsin! he says -- from his cramped Capitol Hill office where tonight as on most nights hell sleep on a cot.
Such frugality is fitting for a politician who as he sips ice water frets that America is sleep-walking toward a debt crisis. Ryan tells me: Within a few years a sale of government bonds will fail. The capital markets will go crazy and the Fed and Treasury will run to Capitol Hill demanding a giant bailout. Adding Obamacare would make the crisis go deeper and arrive faster.
It isnt unusual to hear such antispending rhetoric from Republicans these days. What makes Ryan a rarity is that hes been preaching cerebral free-market ideas during his 11 years in Congress despite getting little attention for his views.
Now the 40-year-old Janesville Wis. native is emerging as the leading GOP voice on economic policy thanks to his detailed blueprint for solving what both Democrats and Republicans agree is a perilous fiscal future. (How bad is Americas financial picture? The Presidents budget for 2011 forecasts deficits running at more than $1 trillion or an unsustainable 4.2 of GDP in 2020 -- and that assumes low unemployment and decent growth of the economy.)
Republicans arent the only ones suddenly taking notice of Ryans views on deficit reduction and government spending. During his now-famous appearance at the Republican congressional retreat in Baltimore earlier this year the President singled out Ryan. It was my 40th birthday and Im sitting at lunch with my 6-year-old son on my knee marvels Ryan. And the President starts talking about me. I was amazed!
Obama noted that Ryan had made a serious proposal to rein in the deficit and then praised him for at least addressing entitlement spending. Following those apparently peaceful words Democrats launched a withering assault over the next three days as budget director Peter Orszag Democratic Congressional Campaign chairman Chris Van Hollen and House Speaker Nancy Pelosi all pummeled Ryan for threatening the safety net for the elderly and providing tax breaks for the rich.
Ryan got his chance to confront the President at the health-care summit Feb. 25. Seated across from Obama Ryan addressed him directly with a six-minute numbers-laden wonkish analysis of the Senate bill that contradicted the administrations pledge that the plan wouldnt add to the mountainous deficit.
Ryan correctly stated that the bill projects that Medicare will lower reimbursements to doctors by $371 billion over the next 10 years yet Congress would cancel those cuts in a separate bill all part of an attempt to mask the true size of future deficits through gimmicks and smoke and mirrors. Obama steered the discussion away from Ryans numbers and the White House hasnt challenged his analysis.
Ryans deficit roadmap
What is the Ryan plan and why is the Obama administration seemingly obsessed with it? Ryan calls his proposal published in January the Roadmap for Americas Future. Its a remarkably comprehensive daring manifesto that tackles every part of the budget on a presidential scale from Social Security to tax policy to health-care reform.
The goal is to eliminate the deficit and eventually all federal debt without any crippling tax increases. Under Ryans plan for example federal spending would reach just 24 of GDP in 2035 and then fall vs. the CBOs projection of 34 and rising from there. Ryan would make the deficit disappear by mid-century.
Ryan to be sure voted for President George W. Bushs tax cuts which added to the U.S. deficit but he blames the current mess on excessive spending which he proposes to control.
But hes not trying to gut all programs. He wants to maintain promised health-care and retirement benefits for those who require them -- the sick and the poor and not just for todays needy but for future generations. But he would also lower future benefits for the middle class. He would index future Social Security benefits to wage growth for say a family earning $28000 but limit increases to inflation for households that made over $149000.
Ryan also wants to totally change the way the government aids most Americans. His plan would use vouchers and tax credits to allow families to buy their own Medicare plans private health insurance and retirement accounts. His view is that by directly handing middle-class taxpayers part of the money the government now spends on their benefits they will demand bargains and better service. Ryan predicts that what the middle class will lose in guaranteed benefits theyll more than recoup through robust economic growth and lower prices.
Regarding health care...
His prescription for health care is radical: Ryan would eliminate the exclusion allowing companies to lavish on employees tax-free benefits and give the tax breaks to the workers themselves through a rebate of $5700 a family or a check for that amount if they dont pay taxes.
The problem with both Medicare and private plans is the third-party-payer system says Ryan. Consumers spending their own money will drive down prices. Ryan proposes a classic flat-tax solution: Americans could choose between using todays byzantine rules and a simplified post-card model with two rates 10 and 25. Believe it or not the simplified system would disallow mortgage and other deductions.
In February the Congressional Budget Office analyzed Ryans road map -- and confirmed that it produced the falling deficits and balanced budgets that Ryan promises. By proposing cuts in benefits Paul Ryan is demonstrating the nature of the solution that must occur former Fed chief Alan Greenspan told Fortune. You cant close the gap with tax increases alone and if you try to do it you slow growth and reduce future tax receipts.
Ryans fan base cuts across party lines. We both want to inject competition into the marketplace says Sen. Ron Wyden (D-Ore.) who is co-sponsoring another bill that would hand consumers tax breaks for health care they now get only from employers. We need ideas and policy not political points and thats what Paul is all about.
Despite some bipartisan support Ryans ideas are a hard sell politically speaking. The idea of indexing Social Security to inflation caused an angry backlash under President George W. Bush. On both Medicare and his health-care tax credit Ryan would restrain expenditures by raising benefits for high earners and most of the middle class at a pace slower than the rate of medical inflation. As a result Americans would be forced to spend more and more of their own dollars on insurance. Even though Ryan promises to leave todays Medicare benefits in place for people 55 and older his proposal is bound to raise the ire of the lobbies for senior citizens.
Ryans proposals contradict the Obama administrations philosophy which calls for the government to take on more responsibility for citizens well-being. Budget director Orszag conceded that Ryan succeeds in addressing our long-term fiscal problem but takes a dramatically different approach in which more risk is unloaded onto individuals.
Ryan is a free-market adherent of the old school who believes it is the governments duty to invest maximum economic power in the hands of individuals. His own story is a primer in self-reliance. Ryans parents put the kids on an incentive system for allowances -- if they got just one B on their report cards their allowance was cut from $4 to $2 and a C meant no allowance at all. At 16 he discovered his father dead of a heart attack and had to inform his mother and older siblings. His older brother Tobin a private equity executive says that one of Pauls chores was brushing and braiding the hair of their grandmother who suffered from Alzheimers.
Ryan who majored in economics and political science at Miami University in Ohio says his chief influences are still thinkers discovered in the soul-searching that followed his fathers death including Ayn Rand Milton Friedman and Friedrich Hayek.
In Washington he pursues an almost ascetic work ethic. He studies budgets and spreadsheets until 11:30 p.m. then crashes on his cot or on a mattress at his sister-in-laws home in Bethesda. He seldom travels to campaign for politicians in other states or to burnish his national image. Instead he grabs the first flight to Wisconsin after the last vote on Thursday or Friday to join his wife and three young children at home.
Back in Washington on Monday mornings and during the week he leads about a dozen congressmen including former football player Heath Shuler (D-N.C.) through a workout called P90X a punishing bipartisan series of pushups pull-ups karate and yoga. Paul said I should join the yoga routine but I cant put my body through those contortions! jokes Wyden. Ryan is prescribing an equally punishing workout for Americas future. It isnt pleasant it isnt easy but it may be the regimen on the table.
